Che cos’è il diritto del lavoro? Continua a leggere questo articolo per scoprire di più!
Il diritto del lavoro è l’insieme di norme giuridiche appartenenti al diritto privato, che si occupa di studiare e disciplinare i rapporti lavorativi e tutte le eventuali problematiche ad essi collegate.
Lo scopo del diritto del lavoro è di tutelare i diritti fondamentali dei lavoratori e di salvaguardare il loro interesse economico. Dato che dal punto di vista economico, il lavoratore si trova in una posizione di inferiorità rispetto al datore di lavoro, il diritto del lavoro è volto a garantire il rispetto delle leggi e dei diritti di quest’ultimo.
Si tratta tuttavia di una disciplina di recente formazione, nata nel periodo della prima rivoluzione industriale per far fronte alla problematiche sociali, e in continua evoluzione seguendo i cambiamenti del mercato.
Cos’è il Diritto del Lavoro
Come espresso dagli articoli 1, 4 e 5 della Costituzione Italiana, il lavoro è un principio fondamentale della Repubblica Italiana.
L’Italia è una Repubblica democratica, fondata sul lavoro.
Art. 1 Cost.
La Repubblica riconosce a tutti i cittadini il diritto al lavoro e promuove le condizioni che rendano effettivo questo diritto.
Ogni cittadino ha il dovere di svolgere, secondo le proprie possibilità e la propria scelta, un’attività o una funzione che concorra al progresso materiale o spirituale della società.
Nello specifico, le norme sul lavoro regolano i rapporti di lavoro tra il datore di lavoro e il lavoratore, le modalità di svolgimento delle prestazioni lavorative e le relazioni sindacali.
Art. 4 Cost
La Repubblica tutela il lavoro in tutte le sue forme ed applicazioni.
Cura la formazione e l’elevazione professionale dei lavoratori.
Promuove e favorisce gli accordi e le organizzazioni internazionali intesi ad affermare e regolare i diritti del lavoro.
Riconosce la libertà di emigrazione, salvo gli obblighi stabiliti dalla legge nell’interesse generale, e tutela il lavoro italiano all’estero.
Art. 35 Cost
Le aree di interesse del diritto del lavoro si possono suddividere in:
- Diritto privato del lavoro: regola i rapporti lavorativi e la definizione dei contratti di lavoro.
- Diritto pubblico del lavoro: comprende le norme che regolano i rapporti tra lo Stato, i lavoratori e i datori di lavoro riguardo la previdenza e assistenza sociale.
- Diritto sindacale: riguarda le associazioni sindacali che rappresentano i lavoratori.
Le Fonti del Diritto Privato
Le fonti di questo tipo di diritto sono diverse:
- Fonti nazionali: leggi incluse nella Costituzione Italiana, nel Codice Civile (artt. 2060-2081) e nello Statuto dei Lavoratori.
- Fonti sovranazionali: leggi emanate dall’Unione Europea e da altre organizzazioni internazionali di cui l’Italia è un paese membro.
- Fonti contrattuali e sindacali: norme derivanti dai contratti collettivi e individuali.
Diritti e Doveri
Il diritto del lavoro determina anche i diritti e i doveri dei lavoratori e dei datori di lavoro.
I lavoratori sono tenuti a svolgere le mansioni descritte nel contratto di lavoro con diligenza, a rispettare le direttive del datore di lavoro e ad agire nell’interesse dell’azienda. Hanno invece il diritto ad essere retribuiti, a poter lavorare in sicurezza, a poter scioperare e svolgere attività sindacali. Vanno anche ricordati il diritto alla privacy e la libertà di opinione.
Dall’altra parte, i datori di lavoro sono tenuti a retribuire i lavoratori e a garantire il trattamento di fine rapporto, a rispettare le ore di lavoro descritte nel contratto, a concedere ferie annuali e a rispettare le assicurazione di legge.
Se ti è piaciuto questo articolo, potresti trovare interessante scoprire di più sull’avvocato del lavoro.
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